I2C driver docs (#4298)
* I2C driver docs - Added I2C driver docs. - Changed arm master i2c driver to have a weak i2c_init as it is impossible to account for all possible port configuration in the STM32 world. * Update docs/i2c_driver.md Co-Authored-By: yiancar <yiangosyiangou@cytanet.com.cy> * Update docs/i2c_driver.md Co-Authored-By: yiancar <yiangosyiangou@cytanet.com.cy> * Update docs/i2c_driver.md Co-Authored-By: yiancar <yiangosyiangou@cytanet.com.cy> * Update docs/i2c_driver.md Co-Authored-By: yiancar <yiangosyiangou@cytanet.com.cy> * GPIO release fix
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yiancar
Jack Humbert
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@ -79,6 +79,7 @@
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* [Hand Wiring Guide](hand_wire.md)
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* [ISP Flashing Guide](isp_flashing_guide.md)
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* [ARM Debugging Guide](arm_debugging.md)
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* [I2C Driver](i2c_driver.md)
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* For a Deeper Understanding
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* [How Keyboards Work](how_keyboards_work.md)
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@ -79,6 +79,7 @@
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* [Hand Wiring Guide](hand_wire.md)
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* [ISP Flashing Guide](isp_flashing_guide.md)
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* [ARM Debugging Guide](arm_debugging.md)
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* [I2C Driver](i2c_driver.md)
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* For a Deeper Understanding
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* [How Keyboards Work](how_keyboards_work.md)
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83
docs/i2c_driver.md
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83
docs/i2c_driver.md
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# I2C Master Driver
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The I2C Master drivers used in QMK have a set of common functions to allow portability between MCUs.
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## Available functions
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|Function |Description |
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|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
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|`void i2c_init(void);` |Initializes the I2C driver. This function should be called once before any transaction is initiated. |
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|`uint8_t i2c_start(uint8_t address);` |Starts an I2C transaction. Address is the 7-bit slave address without the direction bit. |
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|`uint8_t i2c_transmit(uint8_t address, uint8_t* data, uint16_t length, uint16_t timeout);` |Transmit data over I2C. Address is the 7-bit slave address without the direction. |
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|`uint8_t i2c_transmit(uint8_t address, uint8_t* data, uint16_t length, uint16_t timeout);` |Transmit data over I2C. Address is the 7-bit slave address without the direction. Returns status of transaction. |
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|`uint8_t i2c_receive(uint8_t address, uint8_t* data, uint16_t length, uint16_t timeout);` |Receive data over I2C. Address is the 7-bit slave address without the direction. Saves number of bytes specified by `length` in `data` array. Returns status of transaction. |
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|`uint8_t i2c_writeReg(uint8_t devaddr, uint8_t regaddr, uint8_t* data, uint16_t length, uint16_t timeout);` |Same as the `i2c_transmit` function but `regaddr` sets where in the slave the data will be written. |
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|`uint8_t i2c_readReg(uint8_t devaddr, uint8_t regaddr, uint8_t* data, uint16_t length, uint16_t timeout);` |Same as the `i2c_receive` function but `regaddr` sets from where in the slave the data will be read. |
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|`uint8_t i2c_stop(uint16_t timeout);` |Stops the I2C driver. |
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### Function Return
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All the above functions, except `void i2c_init(void);` return the following truth table:
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|Return Value |Description |
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|---------------|---------------------------------------------------|
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|0 |Operation executed successfully. |
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|-1 |Operation failed. |
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|-2 |Operation timed out. |
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## AVR
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### Configuration
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The following defines can be used to configure the I2C master driver.
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|Variable |Description |Default|
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|------------------|---------------------------------------------------|-------|
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|`#F_SCL` |Clock frequency in Hz |400KHz |
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|`#Prescaler` |Divides master clock to aid in I2C clock selection |1 |
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AVRs usually have set GPIO which turn into I2C pins, therefore no further configuration is required.
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## ARM
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For ARM the Chibios I2C HAL driver is under the hood.
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This section assumes an STM32 MCU.
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### Configuration
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The configuration for ARM MCUs can be quite complex as often there are multiple I2C drivers which can be assigned to a variety of ports.
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Firstly the `mcuconf.h` file must be setup to enable the necessary hardware drivers.
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|Variable |Description |Default|
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|------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------|
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|`#STM32_I2C_USE_XXX` |Enable/Disable the hardware driver XXX (each driver should be explicitly listed) |FALSE |
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|`#STM32_I2C_BUSY_TIMEOUT` |Time in ms until the I2C command is aborted if no response is received |50 |
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|`#STM32_I2C_XXX_IRQ_PRIORITY` |Interrupt priority for hardware driver XXX (THIS IS AN EXPERT SETTING) |10 |
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|`#STM32_I2C_USE_DMA` |Enable/Disable the ability of the MCU to offload the data transfer to the DMA unit |TRUE |
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|`#STM32_I2C_XXX_DMA_PRIORITY` |Priority of DMA unit for hardware driver XXX (THIS IS AN EXPERT SETTING) |1 |
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Secondly, in the `halconf.h` file, `#define HAL_USE_I2C` must be set to `TRUE`. This allows ChibiOS to load its I2C driver.
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Lastly, we need to assign the correct GPIO pins depending on the I2C hardware driver we want to use.
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By default the I2C1 hardware driver is assumed to be used. If another hardware driver is used, `#define I2C_DRIVER I2CDX` should be added to the `config.h` file with X being the number of hardware driver used. For example is I2C3 is enabled, the `config.h` file should contain `#define I2C_DRIVER I2CD3`. This aligns the QMK I2C driver with the Chibios I2C driver.
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STM32 MCUs allows a variety of pins to be configured as I2C pins depending on the hardware driver used. By default B6 and B7 are set to I2C.
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This can be changed by declaring the `i2c_init` function which intentionally has a weak attribute. Please consult the datasheet of your MCU for the available GPIO configurations. The following is an example initialization function:
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```C
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void i2c_init(void)
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{
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setPinInput(B6); // Try releasing special pins for a short time
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setPinInput(B7);
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chThdSleepMilliseconds(10); // Wait for the release to happen
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palSetPadMode(GPIOB, 6, PAL_MODE_ALTERNATE(4) | PAL_STM32_OTYPE_OPENDRAIN | PAL_STM32_PUPDR_PULLUP); // Set B6 to I2C function
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palSetPadMode(GPIOB, 7, PAL_MODE_ALTERNATE(4) | PAL_STM32_OTYPE_OPENDRAIN | PAL_STM32_PUPDR_PULLUP); // Set B7 to I2C function
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}
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```
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@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
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*/
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#include "i2c_master.h"
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#include "quantum.h"
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#include <string.h>
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#include <hal.h>
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@ -41,9 +42,11 @@ static const I2CConfig i2cconfig = {
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0
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};
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__attribute__ ((weak))
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void i2c_init(void)
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{
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palSetGroupMode(GPIOB, GPIOB_PIN6 | GPIOB_PIN7, 0, PAL_MODE_INPUT); // Try releasing special pins for a short time
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setPinInput(B6); // Try releasing special pins for a short time
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setPinInput(B7);
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chThdSleepMilliseconds(10);
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palSetPadMode(GPIOB, 6, PAL_MODE_ALTERNATE(4) | PAL_STM32_OTYPE_OPENDRAIN | PAL_STM32_PUPDR_PULLUP);
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